Ausmat Answers Chemistry 2010 free essay sample

Standards describe the kinds of qualities seen across candidate responses in external examination conditions. In late 2010, WACE (written) examination scripts for Chemistry Stage 3 were analysed by teacher expert panels who identified the qualities of candidates’ scripts at each of five performance bands: ‘excellent achievement’, ‘high achievement’, ‘satisfactory achievement’, ‘limited achievement’ and ‘inadequate achievement’. WACE Course scores were reported against these performance bands. The band descriptions for Chemistry Stage 3 are provided in Appendix 1. What do standards tell us? The standards described through the band descriptions tell us, in general terms, how students need to be performing if they wish to achieve a particular ‘standard’. To get a clearer picture of what the standard means, teachers and students can refer to the candidate responses provided. This will help students see what they need to do to improve and help them understand how their work compares with the standard. Standards can also assist teachers in providing students with feedback about their work and see how they might need to modify their teaching. What is provided in this Standards Guide? There are five main components in this standards guide: 1 questions from the examination paper 2 the marking key for each question 3 candidate responses and annotated marker notes 4 statistics such as the highest and lowest marks achieved, mean, standard deviation, etc 5 examiner comments. What standards have been exemplified in this guide? Sample candidate responses which illustrate ‘excellent’ and ‘satisfactory’ performance have been included in this guide, along with marker annotations. In most cases, ‘excellent’ responses received full marks or close to full marks. If there were no responses judged to be ‘excellent’, a ‘high achievement’ response sample may be provided. For questions worth 1 mark (or a small number of marks) judgments about an ‘excellent’ or ‘satisfactory’ standard are less precise. Judgements about ‘excellent’ and ‘satisfactory’ standards illustrated in a candidate response must also take into account the difficulty of the question. It should also be remembered that overall judgments about standards are best made with reference to a range of performances across a range of assessment types and conditions. How well did this examination ‘target’ the ability of candidates? Rasch analysis of raw marks achieved by candidates enables us to provide estimates of question difficulty and student ability, on the same scale. From this relationship, we are able to evaluate how well the questions in this examination were broadly targeted to candidates’ abilities. Data which estimates the difficulty of each question is provided in Appendix 2. A graph showing the relationship between student ability (on this examination) and question difficulty is also provided in Appendix 2. Other points to consider when viewing this guide Use of half marks Examination items are marked out of whole numbers. Half marks occurring in this guide are a result of averaging the whole number marks from each of two markers. Section statistics and marks weightings Section statistics for the highest mark achieved, lowest mark achieved, mean and standard deviation are based on weighted section total marks. Raw mark totals are provided for each section. The raw marks distribution and the weighted total marks distribution is provided on the following page. Examination standards for 2010 WACE examinations The analysis of written examination scripts was used to determine performance band descriptions for 2010. Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide Marks distribution for this examination Number of questions available 25 Number of questions to be answered 25 Suggested working time (minutes) 50 Section Section One: Multiple-choice Section Two: Short answer Section Three: Extended answer Marks available Percentage of exam 25 25 11 11 60 70 35 6 6 70 80 40 Total 100 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide 5 6 Chemi stry: Stage 3 Standards Guide Section One: Multiple-choice Chemistry Stage 3 Section One: Multiple-choice 25 marks Note: Raw section total marks = 25 Weighted section total marks = 25 Candidates must be encouraged to describe their observations in as much detail as possible. A detailed observation is evidence of a candidate’s full understanding of a process, and more general descriptions of observations cannot be rewarded. The majority of candidates gave the correct structural formulae and organic product names for these questions, although ‘butone’ featured commonly in place of butanone. Some focus should perhaps be given to correct naming of ketones. 40 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide Section Two: Short answer Question 30(b) Butanoic acid reacts with methanol in the presence of H2SO4. 3 marks) Observations Structural formula of organic product Show all atoms Name of organic product Marking key A fruity smell develops Specific fruit (any fruit) Sweet smell [Single layer forms] Condensed structure also acceptable Structural formula of organic product (show all atoms) H H C H H C H H C H C O O H C H H Question statistics Statistics ID =37 Num ber of attempts = 4126 Highest mark achieved = 3. 00 Lowest mark achieved = 0. 00 Mean = 2. 25 Standard deviation = 0. 95 Question difficulty = Moderate Correlation between question part and section = 0. 62 Observations O CH3 CH2 CH2 C O CH3 Name of organic product Methylbutanoate (methyl butanoate) Description 1 mark for each correct answer for a possible total of 3 marks. Question incorrectly answered or not attempted. Total Marks 1-3 0 3 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide 41 Section Two: Short answer Candidate responses 30(b) Butanoic acid reacts with methanol in the presence of H2SO4. Notes (3 marks) Observations Structural formula of organic product Show all atoms Name of organic product Excellent response 3/3 marks Correctly completes the table for the esterification reaction. Examiners’ comments This question was not particularly well done. Candidates must be encouraged to describe their observations in as much detail as possible – e. g. a fruity/sweet smell should be described as just that, rather than simply a ‘strong smell’. A detailed observation is evidence of a candidate’s full understanding of a process, and more general descriptions of observations cannot be rewarded. The majority of candidates gave the correct structural formulae and organic product names for these questions. 42 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide Section Two: Short answer Question Question 31 (3 marks) Condensation polymers form from two monomers, each with functional groups at their terminal carbon atoms (that is, the monomers are difunctional). Examine the polyester structure below. n Question statistics Statistics ID = 111 Number of attempts = 4403 Highest mark achieved = 3. 00 Lowest mark achieved = 0. 00 Mean = 1. 67 Standard deviation = 1. 13 Correlation between question and section = 0. 65 31(a) Circle all the ester linkages (functional groups that link the monomers) represented in the above structure. (1 mark) Marking key Question statistics Statistics ID = 38 Number of attempts = 4313 Highest mark achieved = 1. 0 Lowest mark achieved = 0. 00 Mean = 0. 60 Standard deviation = 0. 49 Question difficulty = Moderate Correlation between question part and section = 0. 27 n Description All ester linkages identified and circled (end linkages may also be circled). Question incorrectly answered or not attempted or not all linkages circled. Total Marks 1 0 1 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standar ds Guide 43 Section Two: Short answer Candidate responses 31(a) Notes Circle all the ester linkages (functional groups that link the monomers) represented in the above structure. (1 mark) No candidate response is provided. Refer to marking key. Excellent response Examiners’ comments A significant number of candidates did not correctly identify the ester linkages in the polymer in this question. 44 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide Section Two: Short answer Question 31(b) Identify the two monomer compounds (A and B) used in the production of this polymer and draw their molecular structures. (2 marks) Marking key Monomer A Question statistics Statistics ID = 39 Number of attempts = 4250 Highest mark achieved = 2. 00 Lowest mark achieved = 0. 00 Mean = 1. 12 Standard deviation = 0. 93 Question difficulty = Moderate Correlation between question part and section = 0. 64 OH C O Monomer B O C OH H H O C H H C H Marks 2 1 0 2 O H Description Both monomers correctly identified and drawn. One correct monomer or both monomers slightly incorrectly drawn. Question incorrectly answered or not attempted. Total Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide 45 Section Two: Short answer Candidate responses 31(b) Notes Identify the two monomer compounds (A and B) used in the production of this polymer and draw their molecular structures. (2 marks) Excellent response 2/2 marks Correctly identifies the two monomers needed to form the polymer. No candidate response is provided. Refer to marking key. Satisfactory response Examiners’ comments The two component monomers were reasonably well identified. 46 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide Section Two: Short answer Question Question 32 (12 marks) For each species listed in the table below, draw the structural formula, representing all valence shell electron pairs either as : or as — and state or draw the shape of the molecule and state the polarity of the molecule. (for example, water H O H or H O H or H O H bent polar) Polarity of molecule (polar or non-polar) Species Structure (showing all valence shell electrons) Shape (sketch or name) nitrogen trichloride NC? 3 methanal HCHO sulfur dioxide SO2 carbon dioxide CO2 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide 47 Section Two: Short answer Marking key structure (showing all valence shell electrons) Shape (sketch or name) Polarity of molecule (polar or nonpolar) Question statistics Statistics ID = 40 Number of attempts = 4498 Highest mark achieved = 12. 00 Lowest mark achieved = 0. 00 Mean = 9. 83 Standard deviation = 2. 17 Question difficulty = Easy Correlation between question part and section = 0. 67 Species nitrogen trichloride NC? 3 Cl N Cl Cl pyramidal polar O methanal HCHO H C H trigonal planar polar O sulfur dioxide SO2 or O S bent polar O O S O carbon dioxide CO2 O C O linear non-polar Description 1 mark for each correct answer for a possible total of 12 marks. Question incorrectly answered or not attempted. Total -1 if non-bonding electrons missing overall Marks 1-12 0 12 48 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide Section Two: Short answer Candidate responses Question 32 Notes (12 marks) For each species listed in the table below, draw the structural formula, representing all valence shell electron pairs either as : or as — and state or draw the shape of the molecule and state the polarity of the molecule. (for example, water Species H O H or H O H or H O H bent polar) Polarity of molecule (polar or non-polar) Structure (showing all valence shell electrons) Shape (sketch or name) nitrogen trichloride NC? 3 methanal HCHO sulfur dioxide SO2 carbon dioxide CO2 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide 49 Section Two: Short answer Candidate responses Notes Excellent response 12/12 marks Correctly draws structures and identifies shapes and polarity of each species. 50 Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide Section Two: Short answer Candidate responses Notes Satisfactory response 8/12 marks Draws and identifies shape and polarity of three species. However, presents incorrect information for methanal. Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide 51

Business of Moody Downgrade Iceland †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.If you were a Moodys analyst in May of 2008, would you recommend that Moodys downgrade Icelands Aaa sovereign-debt rating? Why? Why not? 2.What is most worrisome in Icelands balance of payments? What is most encouraging? Why were investors concerned about Icelands net international investment position in May of 2008? 3.Should Iceland seek to join the European Union? Are there other actions the Icelandic government and business community could pursue in order to avoid a crisis of confidence? Answers: 1. Owing to the fact that Moody s Investor services is tasked with the duty to authoritatively rate Iceland's sovereignty in detail by the Icelandic Republic alongside Fitch rating and Standard Poor's, with the backing of the Central Bank of Iceland, as Moody analyst I would deliver the true position of the Icelandic sovereign due to the trust placed in the Moody Agency and the significant role played by credit ratings in International finance markets .There's heavy reliance on the credit rating by global investors in determining the borrowing ability and ability to pay thus the need to be truthful in the debt rating(Sedlabanki Islands n. d).Due to the possibility of exploitation due to the high-interest rates, as a moody analyst, I would recommend the downgrade Sovereign debt rating to protect the interests of the Icelandic economy from exploitation and because its the right thing to do as an analyst obligated to honor fiduciary duties of the best interest of the client, in this ca se, Iceland. Noteworthy, recommending a sovereign debt rating of A Iceland would be the right thing to do because it will help solve the problem because that way the Icelandic government will be aware of its true sovereign debt position and in response implement specific monetary, fiscal and regulatory measures to absolve its high sovereign debt levels as compared to covering it up which leads to further debt levels thus making it hard to clear the debt. The short term and long term sovereign debt rating findings for Iceland are negative thus a confirmed indicator of the downgrade of the sovereign debt of the Icelandic economy thus justifying the downgrade sovereign debt rating by the Moody Ratings. Due to the fact that the financial market of Iceland had been gravely affected by the unsound system of its banking sector, high sovereign debt rates as compared to foreign assets ,low economic activity, budgetary deficit and deficit balance of payment have justified the negative sovereign debt rating by Moody thus the justification of an analyst in downgrading the Icelandic sovereign debt levels. I wouldnt recommend a downgrade sovereign debt rating unless the same was supported by facts. 2. Noteworthy, Iceland s total external debt has increased profoundly over the years. Particularly, from 72.5bn (USD) $ in 2006 to 113.4bn (USD)$ in the year 2008.In addition, government debts have increased from 3.4bn$ to 3.9bn$ in 2007 -08 respectively (Musachhio 2009).In addition, Iceland foreign asset and liabilities have increased over the years which isn't good for the economy. According to the moody findings, Iceland foreign liabilities have increased from 7.2bn (USD),8.8.9.2 and 9.4bn(USD) between 2004,2005,2006 and 2007 respectively. This increasing trend in foreign liabilities in the Icelandic economy is worrisome and its imperative for the Icelandic government to implement effective measures to curb this trend. The Icelandic balance of payments has recorded large deficit during the last quarter of 2008(Kalkofnevegi and Reykjavik 2009).In addition, the Icelandic banking center is not encouraging. For instance, the Kaupthing Bank, recorded increased liabilities and equity, f rom 57,786 to 83 481 bn (USD) $ between the years 2006 and 2007 respectively. However, its impressive that the Icelandic exchange rates went up between 2005 to 2008, January and April respectively.Also, the Icelandic foreign assets have grown over the years. Specifically, foreign assets have grown from 16.3$bn,41.0$bn (USD),71.4$ to 90.2$bn(all USD) in years preceding the banking crisis. This goes to show despite the growing foreign debt figures theres growth in foreign assets belonging to Iceland thus an encouraging element of the Icelandic economy. Through the net international investment position, a nationseconomic worth is determined.Primarily, a negative net international investment implies that the country has more foreign liabilities than assets thus it's important for investors to evaluate what country suits their investment needs according to the ranking of the countries at a given point in time (Investopedia 2017). Typically a positive net investment position value implies nations assets are more than its assets thus implying a good environment for investment. Through this ranking, investors are able to make informed decisions as to the destination of investment. Further, through this ranking, the creditworthiness of a nation is exposed. Typically, net international investment position is a measure of the countryseconomic performance and health which influences foreign investor decision. Usually, countries with positive values on the net international investment position are considered very favorable for foreign investment. 3. According to a Guardian article, seconomic interests are better protected outside the European Union. Predominantly, fishing is a major revenue source for Iceland thus the need for it to be controlled by the Icelanders as opposed to foreign ownership which would be inevitable with joining the European Union (AFP In Reykjavik 2015). In addition, despite the fact that during the Crisis, Iceland wasnt a member of the European Union, other member states of the European Union still felt the effects like Iceland. Specifically, Ireland was badly affected by the global financial crisis as Iceland despite having implemented monetary policies of the European Union. This goes to prove the fact that joining the European Union isnt full proof solution to the Financial Crisis. There need for sound domestic fiscal and monetary policy to effectively cushion a country against financial shocks (Thorhallsson and Kirby 2012). Notably, the Icelandic government could incorporate open policies on investment, nondiscriminatory policies towards globalization, implement restrictive policies in protecting national economic and security interests as last resort measure to create a friendly foreign and domestic investment hub (O.E.C.D. 2009).In addition, there's need for the Icelandic government to partner with private stakeholders to restore investor confidence in the country following the banking crisis in 2008 which led to economic decline. Further, the Icelandic government should implement an effective monetary policy to curb inflationary pressures, stabilize interest and exchange rates which will, in turn, create a friendly investor environment thus restoring investor confidence. Further, if governments are able to offer incentives for foreign direct investments there will be a more foreign direct investment in Iceland and over time help rebuild trust and confidence of investors. Also, political and economic stability demonstrated by stable inflation, exchange rates and constant growth of economic activity will build investor confidence over time. In addition, there need to stabilize and soundly regulate the Icelandic financial institution's framework to cushion it against future financial shocks both domestic and global. The implementation of low entry and exit market barriers encouraged market competition, collective market research and development will go a long way in building investor confidence. References AFP in Reykjavik. (2015).Iceland Drops EU Membership Bid: Interests Better served outside Union. The Guardian.Com. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/12/iceland-drops-european-union-membership-bid#img-1[Accessed 5 Oct 2017] Investopedia.(2017).Net international Investment Position .Investopedia.Com. Available at https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/net-international-investment-position-niip.asp[Accessed 5 Oct 2017] Kalkofnsvegi and Rejkjavik.(2009).Balance of Payments in the Fourth Quarter of 2008 and the External Position. Cb .Is. Available at https://www.cb.is/publications/news/news/2009/03/03/Balance-of-payments-in-the-fourth-quarter-of-2008-and-the-external-position-/[Accessed 5 Oct 2017] Musacchio, A.(2010).Iceland(A).Harvard Business School. Available at https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=36431[Accessed 5 Oct 2017] O.E.C.D.(2009).Building Trust and Confidence in International Investment. Organization for economic development and cooperation. Org. Available at https://www.oecd.org/investment/investment-policy/42446942.pdf[Accessed 5 Oct 2017] Sedlabanki Islands. (N. d).The Republic of Iceland s Sovereign Credit Rating. Cb.Is .Available at https://www.cb.is/about-the-bank/government-debt-management/the-republic-of-icelands-sovereign-credit-rating/[Accessed 5 Oct 2017] Thorhallsson, B, and Kriby, P.(2012).Financial Crises In Iceland and Ireland: Does European Union and Euro Membership matter?.Hi. Is. Available at https://ams.hi.is/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/j.1468-5965.2012.02258.x.pdf[Accessed 5 Oct 2017]

Sample Evaluation Essay - Learn How to Write One Today

Sample Evaluation Essay - Learn How to Write One TodayA sample evaluation essay is a document which is a short hand of the overall text of a quality assessment. This document helps you understand the purpose of quality assessment and how to write an evaluation document.While writing quality assessment, a lot of things are to be considered such as the methodology of quality assessment, the length of the assessment, what is meant by the term quality, the purpose and aim of the assessment, and the time-frame to complete the assessment. These are all major aspects which need to be considered while writing quality assessment.The first step in writing quality assessment is to plan the whole document. This includes the timing, type of assessment, discussion issues and other elements such as the budget and procedure. Having a plan and an outline will help you with writing quality assessment.The next step in writing quality assessment is the content analysis. This process considers the topic of the assessment, the style of writing, tone and presentation. It helps you in creating the content of the assessment and in writing an evaluation document.The last step in writing a quality assessment document is the analysis of the document. This is done to check whether the document is clear and informative. The objective of the evaluation depends on the evaluation strategy, which has been discussed above. For example, if the evaluation is to measure the changes made in a company, a brief evaluation may have been written and then a look into the effectiveness of the change is done with the improvement process.The objective of the analysis process should also be measured and this will help in making sure that the evaluation of the document is focused and accurate. A quality assessment document will also be able to influence the development process in a company.Writing a quality assessment may not be the most important role in the company but it does play a very important role. In case the evaluation of the quality of service is decided by an internal team then it will help in having an efficient service delivery system.

Bio medical Model vs The Psycho-Socio-environmental model Essay Example

Bio medical Model vs The Psycho-Socio-environmental model Paper The Bio-Medical Model is known as a set of principles underpinning western medical systems and practices. The Psycho-socio Environmental Model on the other hand is known for its promotion of health through socio-environmental and behavioral changes. In both very different models, the main objective which is to get the patient better is shared. Before any form of treatment is finalized, all visible symptoms are first observed and analyzed in order to come up with a diagnosis. Both focus on the health and wellbeing of the patient and not only on the diseases or illnesses. The Bio-Medical model believes in the passive treatment of patients in such a manner that they do not contribute in their diagnosis or treatment Of their ailments whereas the Psycho-Socio-Environmental model believes that the doctor-patient relationship should be on a more personal level, with both parties having equal decision making power. This is exactly where the main difference between the two models lies. The Bio-medical model suggests that a patients body can be treated like a machine (in other words fixed), thus medicine adopts a mechanical metaphor with the doctor as the mechanic. The Psycho- Socio-Environmental model focuses on both the patients physical and sociological wellbeing. In the Bio-Medical Model, body and mind can be treated separately, this form of treatment IS known as medicines mind/body dualism. The mind/body dualism form of treatment however does not exist in the Psycho-Socio-Environmental Model since holistic treatment is taken as the primary principle of treatment; this means that the patient as a whole is treated I. E. Both body and mind are treated-equally. We will write a custom essay sample on Bio medical Model vs The Psycho-Socio-environmental model specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bio medical Model vs The Psycho-Socio-environmental model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bio medical Model vs The Psycho-Socio-environmental model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Bio-Medical Model stresses the point that there can only be one cause to a disease, this is known as the Doctrine of specific teratology. The Psycho-Socio-Environmental model however argues that there cannot be only one cause to a particular disease or illness but a number of factors work together in bringing about a particular disease; this can also be observed in cases in which a person has a migraine which could be caused by stress together with lack of sleep. B) Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition caused by protein deficiency in the diet, waybill affecting young children in the tropics. Even though stated in the definition, it does not only affect those children in tropical regions only but in all regions of the world that are predominated by malnutrition and food insecurity. The most vital question to ask is how long the patient, in this case the kid has been showing the symptoms. The other thing of equal importance is to take the history of the kids dietary intake since t he main cause of kwashiorkor is improper dietary intake. After all this has been done and a inclusion about the kids health has been made, advice can therefore be given to the kids guardian about what to do in order to overcome the situation at hand. The guardian together with the child should be referred to a dietician to get advice about proper dietary intake. The family should also consider changing their meal plans since they are evidently unhealthy. Some of the effects of the disorder however cannot be reversed, such as the weight and height of the child being under than that which is considered normal so both the child and the guardian should be aware of this.

Ancient Rome The Birthplace of Modern Sports

Ancient Rome The Birthplace of Modern Sports Introduction The popularity of sporting competition in the modern society reflects that of the ancient Roman Empire’s vision for its society. Entertainment was an important aspect of the daily life of Roman citizens, hence their interest in sporting games and events. Most of today’s sporting games can be traced back to these games, albeit with a few or major changes. Games such as horseracing, ball games, board games, and the gladiator fights, which began in Rome, are still enjoyed in different parts of the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Rome: The Birthplace of Modern Sports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several aspects of sporting events in ancient Rome can be observed today, for example, the similarity of gladiator contests to organized modern sports (Ow, para. 1). Gladiators were trained in special schools using methods are still used in training today’s professional athlete s. Several aspects of the gladiatorial games can be readily observed in today’s football, hockey, boxing, and wrestling contests in these events, the opponents dress in some form of armor, use game weapons, attract huge crowds, adopt fancy names and titles and frequently gain much popularity and prosperity (Hicks, para. 3). Even the stadium architecture used back in the day is still in application. Modern-day horse and vehicle racing competitions exhibit great resemblance to the Circus-Maximus in Rome, where horses competed and the chariots crashed into each other to the delight of crowds. Discussion Sporting events and activities in ancient Rome were very popular among the natives. The Colosseum in Rome, where most sporting events were held, was a huge showground that could hold more than 45,000 people. It was here that the Romans came to watch the violent and sometimes bloody battles that associated with the Romans. Events consisted of battles between gladiators, and even b etween gladiators and wild animals such as lions (Oracle, para. 8). Another favorite sport was chariot racing. This sport exhibited stiff competition and often ended in injury or death of the participants or their horses. Roman charioteers, most of whom were slaves, were referred to as aurigae and would partake in this sport to become prominent, earn sufficient money, and buy their freedom. Chariot racing was one of the most popular sports in ancient Rome, it later spread to other parts of the world and is a favorite sport in some nations. Sporting events turned into a show of display with fierce competition as the winners were rewarded and became popular and were subject to favors. To ensure that the games attracted huge numbers, the authorities spent a lot of money on the games but entrance, in most cases, was free. Publicly financed games also continued into the provinces with each region having its own amphitheater. Amphitheaters were the most common venues for sporting activiti es, the first of which was built at around 29 BC.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The amphitheater was oval or elliptical with sloping seats and supported on solid rocks. They were initially carved out of earth but this changed and the Romans started using cement to strengthen them. A velum protected the crowd from elements of weather and in larger structures, underground floors were constructed to hold animals before a battle (Oracle, para. 10). The stands offered a spectacular view of the arena and with the crowds cheering on their favorite teams or individual, the view from the stands must have been a wonderful experience for anyone who attended. Despite borrowing heavily from the ancient Roman, today’s sporting events are not about competition anymore, rather, they are focused on making profits. Competition is an integral ethos of the game as it creates ferv or within the spectators, just as it was in ancient Rome. It is common to hear of match fixing and game cheats aimed at making some teams win through unfair tactics that were devoid in the ancient events. Influence of Roman Stadiums The architecture of the Roman amphitheaters can be easily recognized in today’s stadiums. The amphitheaters were elliptical or near-circle in shape. The most famous of these was the Colosseum which covered almost six acres and with a height of 48.5 m. The structure is classical template for today’s stadia; the sloping seats, retractable roof, elliptical shape†¦ all these borrow from the ancient Roman architecture. Modern sports has not only borrowed in the sphere of architecture, it has also borrowed aspects such as pre-game rituals and names. For example, the University of South California’s stadium is referred to as The Coliseum, even though the stadium is larger than the real Coliseum, it borrows from the Roman architecture, similar to most stadia. The Romans developed cement by mixing volcanic ash from Mount Vesuvius with slaked lime, this created a product that could harden when mixed with water and they used this to make building foundations to most of their structures, including the Coliseum. This has been replicated in the construction of modern stadia. Despite the Romans’ dexterity in construction, historical evidence suggests that the stadium construction began in Greece, the word itself comes from the Greek word â€Å"stadion†, a measure of length equal to 200m. The Romans just emulated what had begun years earlier.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Rome: The Birthplace of Modern Sports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Training of Gladiators Gladiators were trained in special institutions initially run by private individuals, but later possessed by the imperial state to avoid the emergence of a private milita ry. The fighters were trained like athletes, similar to modern day training of professional athletes (Meijer, pp. 67). They were given medical attention and were served food thrice a day. They were trained on the usa of various weapons (Ablemedia, para. 1). Successful gladiators became respectable and were famous among the low and high in the society and their role as entertainers was honored in valuable and commonplace items all over the empire. The athletes stayed in cells within the training school and a typical day would have begun with a breakfast followed by some light warm-up exercise. Immediately, they would go into full training in the presence of their trainer, only breaking at lunch, and resuming in the afternoon. This is unlike modern athletes who hire a private coach and return to their residential areas after training, besides, today’s training procedure is more structured and everything is done according to book. Conclusion The Romans have had had a huge influe nce in today’s sporting activities and events. Their contribution is not only in field events, it can be seen in other outdoor activities such as horseracing, called Chariot racing in ancient Rome. The Romans participated in boxing, ball games and Greek-style athletics too, all popular sports today. However, it can not be said that the more common sporting activities have their origin among the ancient Romans, but they definitely adopted them with so much zeal that laws had to be enacted to control them! Ablemedia. Gladiatorial Training Combat. 2007. Web. Hicks, Jesse. Probing Question: Is Football the Gladiator Sport for Modern Americans? September 14, 2009. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Meijer, Fik. The Gladiators: The Deadliest Sport. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2003. Ow, Yong-Ling. Violence and the Romans: The Arena Spectacles. 1994. Web. Oracle. Daily Life. 2010. Web.

Choosing an Office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Choosing an Office - Essay Example ns to find one that reflects the true preference, for example, the cost of the office might be very conducive, but the accompanying distance is very high. The two scoring options that were dominated became better in the swing preference table because of the weights assigned to each alternative. The outcomes of the different alternatives change according to the relative position of the alternative on the preference table. For example, the weight for size is 3, therefore, a preference with a high figure for size would benefit more. In this case, Baranov has a preference score of 0 for size while Parkway has a preference score of 90. Therefore, this implies that a preference score in one factor severely affects the preference score in another factor. The swing weights method is easier to explain to a client because the client will be able to see the differences in weights and their assignment. This means that a client will understand why each alternative is being assigned the weight it is assigned, and why the outcomes come out in a specific manner. This choice is also effective if the choices are way more than the ones in this case. For example, if Alan had 40 sites to evaluate, using the even swaps method would take a lot of time and confuse the client. Therefore, it is advisable to use the swing weights

Mathematics IB Internal Assessment Research Paper

Mathematics IB Internal Assessment - Research Paper Example The shipping services and product business takes place along the Qatar Bahrain Causeway which links Bahrain and Qatar. This is the longest marine causeway in the world. The country, Bahrain has a very basic economy. Only 1 percent of Bahrain is arable, hence, the country cannot produce sufficient food to sustain its ever increasing population. Therefore, the entire population majorly relies on imports. The major employers in this country are commerce, industry, and services. These fields take up 79 percent of workers, while 20 percent has been absorbed by the government. Farmers make up the remaining 1 percent of the population. The country has distinctive cost difference in shipping and products across the world due to its island nature and the existence of the Qatar Bahrain Causeway. However, it is important to note that most of these jobs are held by foreigners who make up 60 percent. This has made employment a continuous problem. The economy of Bahrain is largely based on the pro duction and processing of petroleum which makes up 60 percent of the exports. 30 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) also comes from the same. The well established and developed transport and communication is accountable for efficient shipping services and it being the center for finance and banking. Several multinational firms doing business in the area of Persian Gulf have their headquarters in Bahrain. The cost difference in shipping and products in Bahrain results from its fruitful commercial activities. Some of the country’s products shipped to other countries include vegetables and fruits, dairy products, poultry, fish, and shrimp which are sold along with handicrafts produced locally. On the other hand, Bahrain depends on tourism making up 9 percent of its gross domestic product and a great deal of international banking. The industries engaged in shipping services and products in Bahrain include the major industry, petroleum production, processing, and refining , offshore banking, aluminum smelting, tourism, and ship repairing. In addition, the products shipped to other countries include cement blocks, soft drinks, plastics, paper products, and asphalt. Although shipping and products across the world are somehow convenient to the major industries, shipping in Bahrain is efficient because of its location and availability of Qatar Bahrain Causeway which connects the island to the offshore main land such as Iran, Iraq among other countries. Some countries like China have made huge profits on their exports to other countries such as the United States. However, the imports and exports of Bahrain are approximately equal in value. Petroleum accounts for about 60 percent of the exports while aluminum makes around 7 percent. These exports are majorly shipped to Japan, South Korea, India, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. 40 percent of the country export is composed of crude oil processed within the country. However, Bahrain as well has im ports shipped into the country. The major imports of the country include transportation equipment, machinery, and food from Saudi Arabia, Japan, the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The cost difference in shipping and products in Bahrain is also accounted for by the nature of division of labor. As mentioned earlier, 79 percent of the workforce is in industry, services, and